Co2 flooding oil recovery

By taking this comparison into consideration, the CO 2 -WAG process was technically found highly suitable to enhance the recovery compared to other two cases. On the basis of the MMP estimation of 1, to 2, psi by slimtube experiments and the formation parting pressure of approximately 2, psi, a 2,psi operating pressure was selected. The well locations for producers and injector were similar to that of CCO 2 case. Properties of reservoirs subjected to CO 2 flooding. The S3 oil reservoir with an aquifer in its bottom has reached the water-flooding stage. Lee, K.

Log in to your subscription Username. Category : 5. A total number of 15 reservoirs from Pakistan were available for this study with a complete set of data. Homogeneous oil-wet core was also found to be favorable for the miscible CO 2 flooding. Encana, the field's operator, is injecting the CO 2 to extend the field's productive life, hoping to add another 25 years and as much as million barrels of oil that might otherwise have been abandoned. Content of PetroWiki is intended for personal use only and to supplement, not replace, engineering judgment. Miscible flooding Miscible flooding depends on mobilizing the oil light components, reduction of oil viscosity, the vaporization and swelling of the oil, and the lowering of interfacial tension [ 41 ].

It is preferred other than hydrocarbon gases since it does not only increase oil recovery but also causes a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions [ 3 ]. HOT CO 2 flooding should be preferred absence of any major fault makes this technique more effective. Environ Geol 54 8 — Energies 3 9 — Immiscible flooding Immiscible flooding depends on oil viscosity reduction, oil phase swelling, the extraction of lighter components, and the fluid drive [ 53 ]. However, after a thorough discussion with the EOR experts and management of the operating company, S3 was selected based on its larger reservoir size compared to other South oil reservoirs for the full field compositional study for CO 2 flooding.

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Views Read Edit View history. Production wells were displayed by solid red with a red circle around them while the white circle with an arrow represented the shut-in wells. Harpole, K. This interest is based on the potential for additional oil recovery from depleted oil fields using CO 2 captured from power plants and industry [ 10 ]. This design is similar in concept to the conventional WAG but with a gradual reduction in the injected CO 2 volume relative to the water volume.
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The well locations for producers and injector were similar to that of CCO 2 case. Among these three, the gas technology using CO 2 is perhaps the best method as it helps to achieve the minimum miscible pressure MMP —the lowest pressure for CO 2 phase to reach the multiple contact miscibility MCM under dynamic conditions Bachu ; Gao et al. The miscible CO 2 displacement mechanism is one of the methods in this scenario which can assist to improve the recovery significantly. The compositional simulator was then used to calculate performance of the miscible flood without further adjustment to any match parameters. Namespaces Read Discussion. Encana, the field's operator, is injecting the CO 2 to extend the field's productive life, hoping to add another 25 years and as much as million barrels of oil that might otherwise have been abandoned.
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Several production enhancements have improved field and miscible project performance. Carbon dioxide CO2 flooding is a process whereby carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir in order to increase output when extracting oil. Even though it is difficult to determine the governing mechanisms for improved oil recovery, it appears that after the initial direct displacement of oil by the solvent bank, lighter components of the remaining oil are recovered by extraction. Oil reservoirs have a naturally low recovery factor. When the reservoir pressure is above the MMP, miscibility between CO 2 and reservoir oil is achieved through multiple-contact or dynamic miscibility, where the intermediate and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from the reservoir oil vaporize into the CO 2 vaporized gas-drive process and part of the injected CO 2 dissolves into the oil condensed gas-drive process [ 48 ]. The CO 2 from these geologic deposits is limited in volume, and economics restrict its use to within a couple of hundred miles of where it occurs.
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The vaporizing gas-drive process high-pressure gas drive : achieves dynamic miscibility by in situ vaporization of the intermediate-molecular-weight hydrocarbons from the reservoir oil through injection of lean gases or CO 2 [ 51 ]. Carcoana AN Enhanced oil recovery in Rumania. Fate of the Injected CO 2 When the CO 2 is injected, a portion becomes trapped in the pores of the reservoir rock, but another portion returns to the surface dissolved in the crude oil. FPR versus time by various processes is shown in Fig. It is preferred other than hydrocarbon gases since it does not only increase oil recovery but also causes a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions [ 3 ].
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J Petrol Sci Eng 79 1 — The injected water pushed the oil—water contact OWC away from northern part of the field which can be seen by comparing Fig. Oil rate was set as a constraint to shut the low-productivity wells, and as such half of the producer wells were shut-in during the prediction phase. But new technologies are being developed to produce CO 2 from industrial applications such as natural gas processing, fertilizer, ethanol, and hydrogen plants in locations where naturally occurring reservoirs are not available. Encana, the field's operator, is injecting the CO 2 to extend the field's productive life, hoping to add another 25 years and as much as million barrels of oil that might otherwise have been abandoned. A transition zone will develop between the reservoir oil and displacing gas, where the miscibility of the injected gas depend on reservoir pressure, temperature, and oil properties [ 41 , 42 ]. It is above the critical point of CO 2 phase diagram as shown in three phase diagram below.
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